Wednesday, 23 November 2011

Reserve & Auxiliary Air Force

(Popularly known as the ‘Citizens’ Air Force’ or the ‘Weekend Flyers’)
Three categories of Reserves to the Indian Air Force were set up in pursuance of the Reserve & Auxiliary Air Force Act - August 1952. This Act was passed by the parliament on 14 August 1952 and received president’s assent five days later.
The first category of Reserve was known as the Regular Reserves. As the name implies, it comprised officers and airmen who at one time or the other served in the regular Air Force and were out of service on release of retirement.
The second type of Reserves was known as the Air Defence Reserves. It consisted of all technical and flying personnel associated with aviation in the country, but not directly connected with the regular Air Force. This force had General Duty (Pilots and Navigators) and Ground Duty officers and technical personnel. The Act made it obligatory for all citizens who held qualifications, either as aircrew or as aeronautical engineers, to register themselves by 30 April 1956. Civil Aviation from which source the members of this category of Reserves were drawn was nationalized and therefore became automatically complimentary to the Air Force under the Act.
The third type was the Auxiliary Air Force. It was an exact counterpart of the Regular Air Force as the Territorial Army to the Regular Army. This Citizens’ Air Force as it was popularly called provided flying and technical training so that, apart from the benefit the members may derive from military aviation, they can, in a national emergency, contribute their bit in defending the country.
The Auxiliary Air Force was composed of squadrons located at major towns of the country. Apart from a small number of a regular Air Force officers and airmen, to be employed on instructional duties, these squadrons were manned entirely by civilian personnel. Drawn from amongst the permanent residents of the city or locality, the members of these squadrons continued to follow their normal professions. 
Seven Auxiliary Air Force Squadrons were raised during the early fifties namely:-
  • No. 51 Squadron, Safdarjang, New Delhi
  • No. 52 Squadron, Juhu, Bombay
  •   No. 53 Squadron, Meenambakam, Madras
  • No. 54 Squadron, Manauri, Allahabad
  • No. 55 Squadron, Barrack pore, Calcutta
  • No. 56 Squadron, Bhubaneshwar
  • No. 57 Squadron, Chandigarh
These squadrons were equipped with the HAL-designed HT-2 trainer - officially introduced into service on 10 January 1955 - and the Harvard, although Vampire FB Mk. 52s were added in 1959.
Recruitment was open to all Indian national on part time basis from airmen to a fighter pilot. It immediately caught the imagination of entire nation especially of the technicians and civilian pilots flying with various commercial airlines. Many serving Regular Air Force pilots even left to join this part time force. The part time nature was a win win situation for our country in terms of saving a huge amount of money which otherwise, would have been spent in training fresh pilots. For commercial pilots, it was merely a conversion to military aviation at a very minimal cost.
Training was so devised as not to interfere as far as possible, with the normal profession or work of the trainees. It included an annual training camp of about four weeks, during which squadrons used to exercise in their normal role. After successfully completing their general and flying training on basic and advanced trainer aircraft, the pupil pilots were awarded the coveted ‘Air Force Wings’. Similarly the airmen trainees used to become full fledged tradesmen after successful completion of their technical ground training. The members of the Auxiliary Air Force were provided with a uniform, identical to that of the regular Air Force but with a distinguishing Auxiliary badge.
Members were not liable to be transferred from one squadron to another due to their civil professions. The Auxiliary Air Force provided an ideal platform to the youth of our country to augment country’s growing air power by serving as an Active Air Force Reserve along with their civil professions.
A Central Advisory Committee under the chairmanship of Minister of Defence, Government of India was set up under the Reserve and Auxiliary Air Force Act to advise the Government of India on all matters concerning the Auxiliary Air Force and how to make it more popular and effective?
Shortly after the war with China in 1962, a decision was taken to convert the Auxiliary Air Force squadrons of 'weekend' flyers to regular Indian Air Force Squadrons. These units were to form the training organizations where young pilot graduates of the Air Force Academy and Jet Training Wing would be sent for operational training and to be conferred Fully Ops’ status. Resultantly, five Auxiliary squadrons were converted into two regular fighter or bomber squadrons, hence 220 and 221 Squadrons (both flying Vampires), came into being at Poona and Barrackpore respectively. 

(Published by the team of TERRITORIALS)

Saturday, 24 September 2011

The United States National Guard Facts

Did you know the following facts about the United States National Guard which is the part-time military component and accounts to more than half the overall strength of the entire United States Armed Forces?
  • The National Guard is the oldest military organization in the United States. It is 139 years older than the U.S. Army.
  • The term ‘National Guard’ was first adopted by a New York militia unit in 1825 to honor the Marquis de Lafayette, hero of the American Revolution and former commander of the Guarde Nationale de Paris during the French Revolution.
  • The National Guard supports U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM ) with the homeland defense mission. USNORTHCOM ’s job is to conduct necessary operations to prevent threats and acts of aggression against the United States.
  • Twenty U.S. presidents have served in the militia or the National Guard.
  • The Guard is securing nation’s airports, providing border security-including the presidentially directed Operation Jump Start on the Southwest border-and providing deterrent and counter-terrorism forces. Armed Guard members have been on duty in New York every day throughout the state since 9/11.
  • Since the 11 September 2001 attacks, the National Guard has added 45 weapons of mass destruction-civil support teams; 17 chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high-yield explosive enhanced response force packages; 54 computer emergency response teams; six critical infrastructure protection-mission assurance assessment detachments; 54 rapid reaction forces; 54 24-hour-a-day joint operations centers; and numerous other capabilities.
  • The National Guard is integrated into the homeland defense plans of every state. The Guard exercise in communities with the civilian emergency planners and emergency responders.
  • Since 1898, 121 recipients of the Medal of Honor have had National Guard service at some point in their career.
  • 62,411 Army and 10,456 Air National Guard members were mobilized in 1990-1991 for Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.
  • At the peak of the recovery effort following Hurricane Katrina, more than 51,000 Army and Air Guard members were involved.
  • The National Guard helps to meet community needs with its Counter Drug Support Program and the Drug Reduction Demand Programs.
  • Sergeant Leigh Anne Hester, a Guardswoman with the 617th Military Police Company, Kentucky National Guard, became the first woman in the U.S. military since World War II to earn a Silver Star Medal.
  • 50 percent of the Army’s ground combat units in Iraq in 2005 were from the National Guard.
  • Astronaut Charles ‘Pete’ Conrad, Jr., the commander of Apollo XII , was the third man to walk on the moon. He started his military career as a private in the Pennsylvania National Guard.
  • The National Guard State Partnership Program (SPP) links U.S. states with a partner country to improve bilateral relationships with the U.S. These partnerships are designed to improve military relations, to assist with the development of democratic institutions, foster open market economies to help develop stability, and project and represent U.S. humanitarian values.
  • The National Guard Family Program operates family assistance centers throughout the United States and its territories to provide aid and support for all military family members regardless of military affiliation, whether Guard, Reserve, or active duty.

Source:  Paula Sumrall, Our Sons Our Daughters: The National Guard Parent’s Guidebook to Deployment, National Guard Bureau, 2007

Photograph Source: Google

(Published by the team of TERRITORIALS)


Sunday, 11 September 2011

First Hand Account of a Successful Territorial Army Commission Candidate

Following is the write up received from Jairaj Singh Bisht, a regular reader who was benefited from the information of this blog and got selected for the Territorial Army Commission.

"I am describing my Services Selection Board  experience for the benefit of others.

JOURNEY
Our reporting date for Territorial Army Services Selection Board  was 30th of July 2011, 2 PM at Bhopal railway station. However a major problem started on route to Bhopal only. I boarded the Punjab mail in Mumbai @ 8PM on 29th with an ETA of 9.30AM at Bhopal. On route a bridge collapsed at Bhusawal, and the train was delayed by 15 hrs. I was worried that my candidature would be cancelled as I would be unable to report in time. I called up my friends who were also reporting for Services Selection Board  from Delhi, and asked them to inform the Movement Control Office and Services Selection Board . I also kept trying the Bhopal Services Selection Board  number, but no one picked up. After trying the number for nearly 100 times I finally got thru at 9 PM (7 hrs after cut off). I explained to the duty JCO that I was delayed due to unforeseeable circumstances and would reach by 1 AM only. The duty JCO was very considerate and said that although the paperwork of the candidates was done and chest numbers assigned, he would make a special case for me and do it at 5 AM in the morning as the screening would commence at 6.30 AM. The JCO told me to spend the night at Bhopal station and report at 5 AM , however I insisted that I would report to Services Selection Board  by 1 AM ( I didn’t want to take any chances), and asked him to leave my roll no and name at the gate and I would show my call up letter to the guard on arrival. He said that was ok and he would do that, but getting into the cantonment was my responsibility, as the CMP check ID at such late hours. I searched the train for any person who resembled a fauji and after 5-6 tries, by GOD's grace finally found one who was also heading to Bhopal; he very kindly agreed to take me to the Services Selection Board  at such a late hour. It was with his ID card and his company that the Military Police allowed me in to the cantonment. I finally reached the Services Selection Board  at 1 AM (11hrs late) and the JCO true to his word had left my details at the gate and I was allowed to enter inside. My chest number and paper work was done in the morning. I had also on arrival at Bhopal station got it written by the station master that my train was delayed, so in case they need proof of the delay.
I am sharing this to let candidates know, that if they are delayed due to whatever reasons, don’t give up and turn back, but keep trying and reach the destination, those people at Services Selection Board  are also humans and understand, some situations which are beyond human control. However, keep the Services Selection Board  number which is in the letter handy, keep trying even if no one picks up,  inform your buddies to inform the MCO and Services Selection Board  that you are delayed and on route, get your ticket endorsed by the station master that train was delayed.
Services Selection Board reporting is generally at 7 AM or 2 PM at Movement Control Office, for 7 AM reporting screening is generally same day for 2 PM it is on next day. I was lucky that my reporting was 2 PM otherwise; I would have missed screening and lost out seeing this experience I would suggest it’s better to reach a day in advance especially for 7 AM reporting and stay in a hotel. Be careful about all your documents, they should all be there and in proper order, three candidates were sent back as they didn't have proper documentation.
For our Services Selection Board , there was only one primary date and no absentee date, a must to check on call up letter.
DAY-1 (Screening Test)
Reasoning:
Consists of two tests of i.e., mental reasoning an mathematical ability of approx 25 minutes each, done back to back, Competition success review is a good source to practice from. Total of 100 questions, if u don’t know the answer skip it, do the ones that you know, and time permits come back to it later. If you can’t answer all questions don’t panic, I myself missed out around 10 questions.
PPDT (Picture Perception and Description Test)
There is a short break, which is followed by a picture test.
You are shown picture which is clear or blurred for 30 sec and you have to write a story within 4 minutes after a buzzer is sounded.
The picture we were shown was blurred.
It’s important to write a short brief story, nothing long or complicated, as one has to narrate it later. Describe the picture, the characters, what led to the situation and most importantly a clear positive outcome. Be positive in all aspects. Keep the story short as it’s easy to narrate and remember.
Narration & Discussion
We were divided in groups of 15, made to sit in a semi circle, and were then asked to go over our stories. There were three examiners who were assessing us, I didn’t go over my story again as it was short and simple and I had memorized it, as it was easy to do so. We all then were given one minute individually to narrate it. My narration was short, crisp, flowing and to the point, no stammering or blank pauses, that was very helpful, because after that all pandemonium broke loose. We were instructed after the last narration we had to discuss the story and come to a conclusion. As I was last to narrate, the fish market then took over. So much shouting and yelling, words were incomprehensible.
Conclusion
The assessors then intervened and divided us into two sub groups and gave both a choice of coming to a conclusion. the first group sobered down and came to a conclusion, when our turn came one gentleman went berserk and started screaming and shouting, flapping his arms violently and didn’t give anyone a chance to speak, I was disappointed with his behavior , but didn’t lose my cool, though he really pushed it. As it was expected due to his behavior we didn’t come to a conclusion, as no one got a chance to speak. As I was hardly able to give too many inputs in the group discussion, I thought my number was up.
Screening Results
After a while the results were declared and out of 78, 27 were screened in. From our sub group of eight only three were screened in. the guy who was extremely aggressive wasn’t selected. The conclusion I can draw is, it’s good to be aggressive but NEVER over do it, give others a chance. The assessors are seeing that. Even if u are unable to make inputs, due to the pandemonium, whenever you get a chance, make it crisp and sensible, than breaking into a speech. Although my contribution to the Group Discussion was limited, my narration was good. That’s why I feel the narration is important as the assessors see your fluency, thinking ability, command over language, reasoning and confidence, try finishing the story within the time allotted, and make it comprehensible, the examiner should not interrupt you and say next story please.
We were then issued fresh chest numbers. The subsequent tests would follow.
We then were made to fill PIQ (Personal Information Questionnaire), with all our details, family education, hobbies etc...Please be honest with this as the PIQ is the basis of you being questioned by the Group Testing Officer (Group Testing Officer) and the Interviewing Officer.
DAY-2 (Psychological Tests)

PPDT (Picture Perception and Description Test)
Consists of 12 slides with a picture shown for a brief moment 30sec, then u get approx four minutes and 30 seconds to write a story on it. 
Same types of test like the picture story of first day except that you get 12 pictures and in the end you don’t have to narrate the story. Kept my stories simple described the picture, what led to it and a positive outcome. Almost all my stories had a sports/adventure theme. I described the protagonist as a positive person, part of a team, team player, and initiator. All stories had a team / buddy theme. NO RAMBO, NO SUPERMAN AND NO ONE MAN ARMY and no negativity. A positive mood and outcome was central to all stories. 
The 12th and last slide was blank and we had to write a story from imagination. I wrote about my passion for cricket and I helping my team win a championship. Again the emphasis was me contributing and helping a team.
WAT (word association test)
We were then shown 60 words on a screen with a gap of 15 seconds, and were supposed to write a sentence of what we associated with the word. The word shown on the screen need not be a part of the sentence. For example for the word "love" I wrote "universal", for "success" I wrote handwork, honesty, and resilience.
SRT (situation reaction test)
We were then given a booklet of 60 situations and were given approx 30 minutes to complete it. I wrote only 42 situations out of 60, if you can’t complete all 60 don’t worry, quality of your response to an adverse situation is more important than quantity. Most of my reactions had thinking, courage, discretion and resilience as response, again no Superman or Rambo response.
Self Assessment
The last test was a self assessment, we had to write briefly of what our parents, teachers, colleague’s thought of us, in first person as well as a self description of us, our strengths, weakness and areas we would like to improve.
Please note no watches are allowed.
DAY-3 (Group Testing Tasks)

Group Discussion
We were divided into three groups, eight were in my group. We had a group discussion first. We were given two topics one which we chose and the other which the Group Testing Officer gave us. Both related to current affairs. Discussion was for seven and a half minutes each. We had decided as a group we would behave properly, cooperate with each other and give each other respect and speaking time, as we had all seen what had happened in the screening. This was a reason why we did so well. Our Group Discussions went fantastically and we cooperated and gave respect to each other, we behaved like potential officers, and because of our cooperation we reached unanimous conclusions on both Group Discussions. Though some of us had divergent views, with rationalization and debate we concluded on a similar conclusion for both topics. I would say this was the defining moment of my Services Selection Board experience, I had been to two Services Selection Boards before, recommended once before and conference out once, but in earlier occasions we never had the camaraderie, we had this time. I think it comes with age and experience that team work is more important than individual aims. The army is so short of officers and there are so many vacancies that in the Services Selection Board you are not competing with the man next to you, but with yourself, better yourself. The man next to you is your buddy and if you all cooperate, every bodies chance of being recommended increases. Out of us eight, three were recommended; even the Group Testing Officer praised our cooperation and this set out tone for the remainder of the Group Testing Officer tasks.
Military Planning
We were given a map, and multiple objectives to solve in a limited time period. We all decided on the priorities of the emergency, and how we would divide ourselves into sub groups to achieve all collective tasks. Again we showed a lot of team work and civility to each other and solved the problem. I was amazed how when a group works in a calm, cooperative manner, the tasks is so easily solved, rather than it being reduced to a fish market. The group nominated me to present the plan to the Group Testing Officer.
Obstacle Race (snake race)
We were given a rope (snake) which we all had to carry over a series of obstacles, as a group. We did it successfully helping each other out. Two of my buddies were very cooperative helping the others out where they fumbled, they did so selflessly, and both were later recommended, but of course they performed in other tasks also.
PGT (Progressive Group Task) 
A series of obstacles to be completed with a load, following certain ground rules. We cooperated well cleared the first two obstacles and on the third ran into problems. for once my mind went blank and I had no clue/ suggestion. however one of our buddies saved the day and came up with a brilliant suggestion. In a situation like this it’s important to take a moment out of the pressure cooker and think calmly, like this buddy of ours did.
HGT (Half Group Task)
We were divided into groups of four, basically halved in strength, the Group Testing Officer told us that in a big group, some people being reserved aren’t unable to contribute so in a smaller group, they are more likely to. He was right, four one of our buddies who was the quietest in the lost, stole the thunder and made us complete the task in around two minutes. A good example for all that you do get a chance.
Lecture
We were then given individual lectures cards randomly and had to speak on a topic we chose, out of four on the card. Time three minutes, I spoke on my topic with confidence, clearly stating facts as they were and solutions recommendations on the topic assigned. I had done a lot of reading as preparation three newspapers a day (especially edit section), news channels and of course competition CSR, Manorma year book, so I was very comfortable with all four topics which I could have chosen from.
DAY-4
Individual Obstacle
Horribly wet day with a tremendous downpour which wouldn’t seem to subside. We had our individual obstacles that day. Earlier one guy from a different course had broken his arm, so our collective mood was somber.
The Group Testing Officer sprang a surprise and reversed the order this day, so I being the last chest no, thanks to my late entry, was the first to go. I have done obstacles before, but for the first time I was a bit afraid, coz of what had happened to the guy before us, and the ropes and ground were very slippery. I just blanked my mind out to the fear and said just do it, if you feel fear the best thing is to overcome it. I slipped and fell of the first obstacle pretty badly, but I picked up myself and continued, I again slipped on the fourth obstacle, but again picked up and continued, the balancing beams I failed once but didn’t give up, till I completed it. I was on the 10th obstacle when the Group Testing Officer blew the whistle, but I came down only after completing it. As it was wet and slippery out of us eight only four completed all obstacles, however even those guys slipped, failed on the first attempt on a few obstacles, but they kept trying. I feel the Group Testing Officer sees courage and determination more than how many obstacles you complete. One buddy fell horribly in the double ditch, but he stilled picked him up and finished the course.
Command Task 
We were all turn by turn appointed as individual commanders, and given a obstacle to clear with two helpers, whom were to be chosen from our buddies. This is where we all cooperated and saw to it that everyone was called as a helper at least twice. I did my command test comfortably. Important to keep a cool mind and logical thinking.
FGT (Final Group Task)
A final obstacle was given to all of us a united group, which we completed easily as by now we were all pros. in all tasks I gave suggestions, contributions, help, I was totally involved and not a fringe player, however I would say I had some brilliant buddies, who made it all seem so simple.
The Group Testing Officer was very pleased with us and told us twice this is one of the best batches I have seen, not on individual brilliance , but on cooperation and team work. I was very happy with my group as I was very worried we would splinter up as people had during the screening. the other important thing was, there were three buddies from Calcutta and three odd us from Dehradun, we could have so easily broken into groups , but such a thing never came up, we all cooperated with each other. There was a Sikh gentleman from Dehradun who was the moving force he had everyone in peals of laughter with his humor. The tasks finish by 1230 PM and you have the rest of the day with your buddies. This is the time for real bonding, we all kept as a group and went to town as one, and this showed in our group tasks. Very important to gel as a group, and not to splinter or break apart.
Interview
Interviews started from the second day, but again I was last to be interviewed on the penultimate day. Interview lasted 40 minutes; questions asked were from the Personal Information Questionnaire, I had filled, about my education, family, hobbies, sports, work profile. Then I was asked questions on general knowledge/current affairs. Topics covered were Palestine, Sri Lanka, and computers. I answered all questions correctly. Thanks to my reading. I would say CSR is very important as almost 90% topics are covered there. Go through it with a sieve.
I would like to add some of my buddies couldn’t answer some of the questions , but they were still selected , because when they didn’t now an answer they honestly said , I am sorry sir, I don’t know the answer. No beating around the bush or giving false answers. The Services Selection Board wants us to be soldiers not Einstein’s or noble prize winners.
LAST DAY
The last day was the conference. Again the order was reversed, and I being the last chest number went first. All the officers were in uniform now and were seated in a semi circle. The Interviewing Officer  asked me how my stay was and any thought I could have done better. I was honest and told him in the progressive group task, in the final obstacle I went blank. He then asked me any recommendations. I said no sir (in my last Services Selection Board  when I was conference out I had given some recommendations, but Maj Surender Singh had chided me, boss no recommendations in Indian army, keep your mouth shut.  
He again asked me no recommendations? Are you sure? He was hoping for something, but my lips were sealed for posterity.
As they say waiting is the worst part. We waited for an hour after the conference was held. Had lunch or whatever we could shove down our throats. We were led into the examination hall where a Major appeared before us and gave us a pep talk on how if you are not selected you are destined for better things in life, and how the army is not the end of the world, a sick sense of déjà-vu, basically he was trying to comfort us, batches before us had been washed out. however I was certain some of us salmons would make it to spawn, had swam so many seas, against the tide, dodged so many bears, at least some of us deserved bliss. He then announced the results, five of you have made it, I will give the results in reverse order, when I call out your chest no, stand up repeat your roll no and name. Chest No 27.........I got up said my roll no, but almost choked on my name. And most importantly I thanked GOD; I almost didn't make it to Bhopal.
This is a very touching time as you have made it but most of your buddies haven’t which is very saddening. I didn’t go overboard in rejoicing keeping their sentiments in mind, kept things low key, alas my brother also didn’t make it, so I had very mixed feelings. I had also been conference out once so I knew what one goes through, taking the long unending journey home.
The reason I made it was not because I was better than them, but b’coz certain things clicked for me which didn’t from them. That’s why keep trying. In the words of Freddy Truman, "when u give up, you really don’t realize how close u were to winning"
there were so many guys I was sure of making it who didn’t, chest no’s 23, 20, 19, 17, 14, 11, eight. I just hope they keep trying and don’t give up. I hope I am an inspiration, if I can make it so can they and I am sure that is the story in most Services Selection Board, they are so many fantastic guys who don’t, keep trying THE DOOR WILL OPEN.
A few things I kept in mind

  • Have a preliminary check up before Services Selection Board , in case you may need corrective measures for example something as basic as wax in the ears can get a TR (temp rejection). I saw an ENT guy before I went for Services Selection Board.
  • There is a temptation to drink and celebrate after you have cleared the Services Selection Board , don’t do so, not only is it against the rules, but don’t screw your medicals by consuming alcohol, you have come so far be patient.
  •  They key to success was the group that I had, which was super cooperative; the sum of a team is greater than its individual parts.
  • Studied and worked hard on GK and current affairs, three newspapers and I repeat again, CSR.
  • Most importantly I didn't give up, just two months before I had been rejected by Services Selection Board  Allahabad. I told myself I will come back stronger."

 (Published by the team of TERRITORIALS)

Wednesday, 7 September 2011

Provisions of Indian Territorial Army Regarding Employability of Territorials

The Provision of Rule 33 of the Territorial Army Act-1948 should not be allowed to prejudice men’s civilian prospects more than it’s absolutely necessary. There have been instances where members of the Territorial Army have approached courts against the provisions of military services under Rule 33 of the Territorial Army Act 1948.

One such case needs a special mention where the Honorable High Court of Allahabad had observed that :-
“An officer of Territorial Army is not under the liability to render continuous military service continuously for a term. In emergent situation, he may be called out to act in support of civil power or to provide essential guards."  [Allahabad High Court, Division Bench 1983, UPLBEC 468 (DB)]
It is pertinent to mention that emergent situation means a state of national emergency officially notified by the Government of India.

A man disabled by wounds cannot be re-instated on a civilian post which requires physical fitness and activity. It is quite reasonable to expect that the respective inconveniences should be nicely estimated by the Territorial Army before any particular form of duty is allocated to him. There are also independent professions where prolonged absence on military duty will have an adverse effect and their competitors will remain at work at home and will get benefit proportionately. There remains much that can be done to minimize the difficulties and mitigate individual cases of hardships. 
Following measures can been adopted :-
  • Disablement pension on a generous scale.
  • Some system of grants to rebuild on loss of business, or it could be loan without interest.
There should be regular interaction of the employer, employees and the Territorial Army to set a forum of justice, because all three are interested parties and each part-time Territorial Army personnel called up for service or training other than weekly urban training, require to be embodied under the orders of concerned authorities as follows :-
  • Recruits of provincial units under Territorial Army Act Rule 19 (a) and recruits of Railway Engineer units under Territorial Army Act Rule 19 (c) for a period of 30 days in a year.
  • Recruits of urban units for 4 to 14 consecutive days for recruits training under Territorial Army Act Rule 19 (b) and one day for the purpose of firing Range Course under Territorial Army Act Rule 19 (d).
  • Trained soldiers of provincial units for annual training not exceeding two calendar months under Territorial Army Act Rule 20 (1) (a).
  • Trained soldiers of urban units for annual training of 60 days including 14 consecutive days annual camp under Territorial Army Act Rule 20 (1) (b) and also for two days in addition for firing range course under Territorial Army Act Rule 20 (1) (d).
  • Territorials of provincial units and Railway Engineers units of the Territorial Army will fire annual range course during the annual camps and no separate embodiment is permitted in this case.  Personnel of urban unit may also be embodied for a period not exceeding seven days for the purpose of passing prescribed trade tests under Territorial Army Act Rule 20 (1) (f) but this period will count towards the permissible period of training of 60 days in a year.
  • Trained soldiers of Railway Engineer units for annual training for 30 days under Territorial Army Act Rule 20 (1) (c).
  • Recruits of General Hospitals (Territorial Army) will carry out 30 days recruit training in the first year and 30 days annual training during the subsequent years.  The training will be carried out in the urban system but with no camp.
  • JCOs and OR up to five percent of authorized establishment of the unit for seven days before the commencement and four days after the end of training under Territorial Army Act Rule 20 (1) (e).
  • Officers for appearing in test in Hindi for the actual duration of the test under Rule 20 (1) (g) but the period will count towards the annual training. Territorial Army Officers of Infantry for a period not is exceeding 75 days and those of departmental units, viz, Railways and Port, Docks and IWT, for a period not exceeding 30 days within two years from the date of commission for post commission under Territorial Army Act Rule 20-A and B.  This will be in addition to their embodiment for annual training periods.
  • Trained soldiers of all Territorial Army units for participating in a ceremonial parade for a period up to four consecutive days under Territorial Army Act Rule 20 (1) (h).  This embodiment may be done on more than one occasion and the period will be in addition to the annual training period of 60 days.
  • For voluntary training, as sanctioned by Central Government from time to time under Territorial Army Act Rule 21.
  • Territorial Army personnel, by order of the Central Government or by order of such other authority as may be empowered by the Central Government in this behalf, are liable to be called out to act in support of the civil power or to provide essential guards or to be embodied for the purpose of supporting or supplementing the Regular Army under Territorial Army Act Rule.
Transfers (Territorial Army Rule 13)
Transfers of Territorial Army personnel to other Territorial Army units are permissible under the orders of prescribed authority:-
  • On application or on change of residence.
  • In times of emergencies, compulsory transfer can also be made.
  • Persons employed on the permanent staff or embodied under Territorial Army Rule 33 are eligible, on transfer from one unit to another, joining time with pay and allowance as for Regular Army personnel.

Recruit Training (Territorial Army Act Rule 19)
Recruits of urban Territorial Army units are required to undergo training for 32 days in a year including a camp of 4 to 14 days.  In addition these recruits are liable for embodiment for one day in a year for purpose of firing the annual musketry course.  The period of one day of embodiment may be increased to 2 days where the training could not be completed in one day provided that the increased period of one day is within the maximum period of normal training laid down.  Such period of embodiment shall take place only on Sundays or recognized holidays.
The recruits of Railway Engineer Territorial Army units are required to be embodied for recruit training under orders of the Officer Commanding unit / Territorial Army Group Commander for a period of 30 days in any one year.

To know more about the Territorial Army Regulations and Territorial Army Act-1948, readers may follow the following links :-
http://indianarmy.nic.in/WriteReadData/Documents/taregulations.pdf
http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/bare_acts/Territorial-Army-Act-1021.asp

Note: Data compiled from the Territorial Army Act-1948, Territorial Army Regulations and various government authorities which are easily available on internet.

(Published by the team of TERRITORIALS)

Tuesday, 23 August 2011

Part-Time Soldiering in Indian Context


The concept of part-time soldiering carries a great value in the present geo-political and geo-strategic atmosphere of our country wherein; we are fighting the menace of terrorism from within and outside. Our regular forces although, are deeply involved into it, however; the thing that is lacking in our overall strategy, is the citizen’s involvement. The regular forces also have a drawback of reaction time to a given situation, which was evidently visible at Mumbai’s 26/11 and more recently during another terror attack in the metropolitan city. 
In India, time and again attention has also been drawn to the exorbitant cost of manpower in the defence services. The concept of Citizens’ Army is therefore, a logical idea in this regard to cut on the cost of maintaining a large standing army and at the same time is able to meet the requirement of additional force in times of need. The primary purpose of such forces all over the world is to support the regular forces. The methods of doing so however, may vary.
Army, we all know is a highly demanding profession both on personal & professional fronts. An option therefore, of part-time military service or a short spell of few regular years followed by the part-time service has many advantages. In a country like India, where we are facing the acute shortage of army officers, this concept would open great dimensions to the officer intake of our army. This would also entail the overhauling of our civilian system of functioning by giving people the option of serving in the army as well as being in the civilian stream. Another important beneficiary would be the armed forces themselves; there is a general feeling prevailing that our services are more or less disconnected from the society and there is no platform for civilians to interact with them. The concept of part-time soldiering therefore, would act as a barometer for the services to understand the pulse of the nation and evolve as an institution as per the aspirations of our society.
Army comprises many specialists (such as Doctors, Researchers, Scientists, Lawyers, Pilots, Engineers, Nurses, PR Experts, Writers, Photographers, Film Makers, IT Professionals, etc.) fields which require a huge amount of investment on infrastructure for training and skill development. The same experts however, can be hired from open market under the schemes of Citizens’ Army at a very minimal cost and that too, without any infrastructural investments. These part-time specialists would in fact, be more competent than regulars due to their constant interactions with the latest trends. In countries like the United States and United Kingdom, more than 90 per cent of specialists in the armed forces are hired on the concept of part-time soldiering.
A nation may also use the huge potentials of Citizens’ Army to do things which are generally not associated with armed forces. These nation building activities would eventually strengthen the very foundations of the state, thereby, minimizing the option of using army as a last resort. Citizens’ Army can be used exclusively to relieve the Regular Army from all kinds of internal commitments like aid to civil authority, disaster management, combating terrorism, etc.; thus, allowing them to focus on their prime role of defending India from any form of external aggression.

(Published by the team of TERRITORIALS)

Photograph: Copyright with author

Friday, 5 August 2011

Rules for Central Government/ PSU Employees While Joining Territorial Army


There are special provisions for the employees of Central Government/ PSUs for joining the Territorial Army. These are governed under the Department of Public Enterprise, Government of India; and to view them, readers may open the following link:
Keep clicking in following fashion:
DPE Guidelines/ Chapter II/ Service Matters/ Para 14.
For direct access, kindly click:
(Published by the team of TERRITORIALS)

Tuesday, 2 August 2011

How to Join the Territorial Army


Captain Rajpal Singh, TA Officer/ Additional Director, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI)

Becoming a Commissioned officer in the Indian Territorial Army is a two step process. The first step involves PIB (Preliminary Interview Board) and  step two involves the SSB (Services Selection Board). To be more specific:
Basic Eligibility

  • Graduate in any subject.
  • 18-42 years of age.
  • Only gainfully employed whether private or government or self employed. Members of police forces (Including CPOs) are not eligible.
  • Indian Citizens.
Application Process
  • Advertisement published in all major newspapers.
  • Download application from Indian Army website. 
  • Apply to respective commands as mentioned in advertisement.
  • You will receive call-up for PIB only on the correctness of application.

Step One  PIB comprises a written examination of two papers. Papers one of English language (subjective: essay and comprehension) and paper two of general studies (multiple choice, may also include reasoning ability questions). Both the papers are of UPSC standard and aspiring candidates should study the basic fundamentals of all subjects. Candidates should aim at minimum 50 percent to qualify; there is no negative marking as yet. Successful candidates of both the written papers are required to appear before an interview board (with two military officers and a psychologist). Positive attitude, good communication skills, body language, truthfulness and convincing ability are the key to success. The panel would generally ask questions based on your background information and suitability for Officer's Like Qualities, which are:

  • Effective Intelligence - Head
  • Reasoning Ability - Head
  • Organizational Ability - Head
  • Power of Expression - Head
  • Social Adaptability - Heart
  • Cooperation - Heart
  • Sense of Responsibility - Heart
  • Initiative - Guts
  • Self Confidence - Guts
  • Speed of Decision - Guts
  • Ability to Influence Group - Heart
  • Liveliness - Heart
  • Determination - Physical & Mental
  • Courage - Physical & Mental
  • Stamina - Physical & Mental
Result of written is declared within two to three days and successful candidates are required for interview in next two days. Final result of successful candidates after interview would be declared in a span of 15-20 days  though intimation letters. 
Note: All candidates appearing for PIB should carry along with them, all their certificates in original and copies duly attested by a commissioned officer, medical certificate, domicile certificate, PAN card, No-Objection certificate from employer/ affidavit in case of self employed, income certificate and pass port size photographs.

Step Two Successful candidates of PIB would receive their call-up letter for SSBs within two to four months after PIB and would be tested along with candidates of regular commission in the armed forces. There is virtually no difference in the testing procedures for TA Commission. Successful candidates of SSB would be retained for medical examination thereafter. Candidates who are declared recommended in the SSB will have to wait for another three to four months before they are being allotted an infantry battalion in respective zones. Candidates become officer, the day they join and that is the seniority date as well.

Training  All training activities are post commission in nature:
  • 30 days of Basic Military Training at unit itself.
  • 90 days of Advance Military Training at TA Training Center, Deolali.
  • 90 days of training at the Indian Military Academy, Dehradoon.
  • Military courses based on willingness of candidates and suitability of service.
  • 90 days of cross-military attachment with the regular army battalion based on willingness of candidates and suitability of service.
Service Conditions
  • Minimum 30 days to a maximum 60 days Annual Training Camp every year at battalion. Waiver for two years can be granted by competent authorities based on willingness of candidates and suitability of service.
  • Voluntary training attachments for military courses based on willingness of candidates and suitability of service. No duration specified.
  • Compulsory military service during declared national emergencies.
  • Secondment to regular army battalions for a period of five years based on willingness of candidates and suitability of service.
  • TA officers with two years of regular service and if below 25 years of age; have an option of converting their TA Commission into regular Short Service Commission.
  • TA officers can be placed on Special Unattached List for a maximum period of six years. Only 14 days every year is mandatory in that case. Strictly based on willingness of candidates and suitability of service.
  • Seniority of TA officers is not affected on full time or part-time nature of service.
  • Promotion: Captain in four years; Major in eight years; Lieutenant Colonel in 15 years; Colonel and beyond is based on selection. TA Officer can rise up to Major General as per books.
  • No difference in pay and perks during service or training. Pay begins from Pay Band 3 of the Central Sixth Pay Commission.
  • Commission is conferred by the President of India. Status of class one commissioned officer Group A.
  • A TA officer can also apply for civil services examination while being in service and can serve in both the services together. A great opportunity which is never offered to regular officers.
For Ex Armed Forces Officers
  • Age: 18-45 years.
  • Apply through normal advertisement; no written exam; no SSB; interview at the army headquarters; medical test; verification of previous military service.
  • Ex officers can get the ante-date seniority of previous military service, provided they refund the gratuity.
Note: Remember TA is a part-time military concept and do not offer any employment. One should be careful of this and it should never be considered as a back door entry for the regular army
Total time taken from filling the application and  joining is eight to ten months only. A very fair selection procedure, no recommendations whatsoever and no reservations for any caste or community. 


Some Important Links:
Indian Army Website: Territorial Army
To prepare for PIB written exam:
To know more about SSB:
History of TA:

All information compiled from open sources. The blog do not guarantee for correctness, however a great care has been taken in verifying the data.


(Published by the team of TERRITORIALS)